LEDs have come a long way since they were first invented by
Nick Holonyak Jr. We now find them in throughout our everyday lives in a
variety of appliances. Ranging from lights, TVs, cell phones, traffic lights,
and vehicles.
Worked cited:
Photo 1
Alumni and Faculty Biographical (Alumni News Morgue)
File, 1882-1995, Light Emitting Diode University of Illinois Archives, Copy
right HKN Bridge, Series Number: 26/4/1,
Box 1
The Light Emitting
Diode was developed by Professor Nick Holonyak Jr. in 1962 during his
employment at General Electric.
Following up on prior research on gallium arsenide Holoyak began to
develop the L.E.D. He hypothesized that the gallium arsenide would produce visible
light when the right amount of electrical current is applied to the leads. This
modern marvel has led to major innovations since Professor Holoyak’s demonstration
in 1962. The L.E.D can now be found the majority of our technological device.
Over the past few years as the technology has, become more affordable we see
the L.E.D popping up throughout our daily lives. Ranging from Cellphones, TV, Lights, computers,
and in automobiles.
The Light
Emitting Transistor (LET) was developed by Professors Nick Holonyak Jr. and
Milton Feng in 2004. The LET is fabricated from indium gallium phosphide,
indium gallium arsenide, and gallium arsenide. It is the unique properties of these
materials that produce the infrared photons. Added benefits of the LET are that
it is faster than the LED at producing light. Light intensity can be controlled
by adjusting the electrical current. The third transistor port allows for
superior control of the electrical and optical outputs. Future applications for
the LET involve replacing the wires in electronics with fiber optics producing
higher performance devices.
Works Cited:
Kloeppel,
James E. “NEW LIGHT-EMITTING TRANSISTOR COULD REVOLUTIONIZE ELECTRONICS
INDUSTRY.” News Bureau Illinois, Jan 2004. Web.05 Jan.2004 http://news.illinois.edu/news/04/0105LET.html
Nick Holonyak, Jr. was born on November 3rd, 1928. His parents were Rusyn immigrants who settled in the small, southern Illinois town of Ziegler. Holonyak was the first member of his family to receive formal schooling. Before making schooling his primary trade, Holonyak found he was not suited for hard labor after once working 30 straight hours on the Illinois Central Railroad. According to an interview in Knight Ridder, "The cheap and reliable semiconductor lasers critical to DVD players, bar code readers and scores of other devices owe their existence in some small way to the demanding workload thrust upon Downstate railroad crews decades ago".
Nick Holonyak, Jr. , inventor of the LED. 2004
After completing a Bachelors of Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, he went on to receive a Master's and Ph.D in electrical engineering from the same program. During this time, he became John Bardeen's first graduate student. While under Bardeen, Holonyak worked on quantum wells and quantum well lasers. In 1960, he created the first visible semiconductor lasers, which are used today to in CD and DVD players, laser printers, copiers, and other high-tech gadgets. In an article for BusinessWeek, Holonyak said on his red-emitting laser: "I wanted visible light, because I knew that if I could get red light, other colors would be possible".
After graduating, Holonyak became a part of GE, and it was here that he developed his first Light Emitting Diode (LED) in 1962. The only color of light it was red, but it would soon spark others that covered the full spectrum of the rainbow. This LED was the result of a competition among the top industrial research labs to create the very first semiconductor laser. This discovery has led many scientists to quip that this is a perfect example of how research really works: research in one topic leads to a breakthrough in another.
After working throughout the 1950s on the tunnel diode- a project that did not go anywhere itself but led to a greater knowledge on making gallium arsenides. According to Robert Hall, a fellow researcher on the tunnel diode, this knowledge was directly applicable during the laser program.
Beginning in the 1970s, Holonyak also released a series of discoveries related to infrared light. These discoveries led to the diodes that transmit pulses of infrared light over the world's fiber-optic telecommunications networks.
Holonyak's latest brainchild is the inferred light emitting transistor (LET). The device's predicted implications include changing the worlds of telecom and computers by integrating optical and electrical functions on one chip. Holonyak still researches at the University of Illinois, and lives in Ziegler, IL with wife Katherine, who he has been married to for over fifty years.
