Born in Galena, Illinois, on November 1, 1911, Donald William Kerst quickly discovered a passion for physics, for which he earned a bachelor's degree in 1934 and a doctorate in 1937 from the University of Wisconsin. After graduating, he became an instructor, assistant professor, and then professor at the University of Illinois. He remained at the University from 1938 to 1957, with the exception of brief periods at General Electric (1937-1938, 1940), at Los Alamos, New Mexico (1943–45), and at the General Atomic Laboratory, La Jolla, California (1957–62).
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| Donald Kerst, ca. 1950, wielding a soldering gun and drill. |
Before coming to Illinois, Kerst wrote to then F. L, Loomis, then the department head of Physics at Illinois, describing a "small electron accelerator which will go to very high voltages" and would "increase the flux within the robot of an electron and so induce an E.M.F. along its orbit which causes an acceleration". Loomis encouraged Kerst to work on this project at Illinois. It would become his most famous invention: the betatron. Created in 1940, the betatron was a particle accelerator that used a revolutionary method that "pushed" particles, rather than "kicking" them for the purpose of acceleration. So great was its impact, that it not only influenced every single particle accelerator that came after it, but also made significant contributions to the field of medicine for the more powerful x-rays it could produce.
A true experimentalist, Kerst stayed committed to his project despite only having a $500 budget for it, and completed the first implementation of his invention in a little under a year, according to Loomis. However, the betatron garnered interest from the military for defense purposes, and in 1943, at the personal request of Dr. J.R. Oppenheimer, Kerst joined many other great scientists at Los Alamos to begin work on scientific advancements for the Second World War, most notably the atomic bomb.
Despite the work he was doing, which Kerst admitted in correspondence was "very worthwhile", Kerst became ill shortly after arriving in Los Alamos and made repeated appeals to both those at Illinois and in the Military to be released from his assignment early. Oppenheimer, too, made an appeal for Kerst to be released as well. However, all appeals were rejected, Kerst recovered, and continued his work there before returning to the University at Illinois. Back at Illinois, Kerst designed bigger and more powerful versions of his invention, along with working on other key Illinois innovations, such as
ILLIAC.
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Prof. Gerald P. Kruger (left), Prof. Donald W. Kerst (center), and Prof. James N. Snyder (right) examine some of the computations made by the ILLIAC, University of Illinois electronic computer, September 5th, 1957.
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Eventually, Kerst made the move back to his alma mater in 1962. This was largely a result of the efforts L.R. Ingersoll, Department of Phyics head at Wisconsin, who for years sent letters reinforcing the wish for Kerst to return to Wisconsin to teach. In one of the letters, Ingersoll goes so far as to nominate Kerst for the Nobel Prize in Physics, reminding Kerst that, should he win, to "please have some kind thoughts in your head towards us here at Wisconsin". Evidently he did, for Kerst remained at Wisconsin until his retirement to Florida with his wife, Dorothy.
Even while retired, Kerst never forgot the research he helped develop, always making sure to call regularly and get updates. Donald W. Kerst died aged 81 on August 19th, 1993.
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Sources:
Betatron Correspondence, 1938-1970, Record Series 11/10/11, University Archives, University of Illinois.
Correspondance. Donald W. Kerst Papers, 1937-1959, 1983-85, 1987. Record Series 11/10/30, University Archives, University of Illinois.
Kerst to Loomis, Nov. 28, 1938, Betatron Correspondence, 1938-1970, Record Series 11/10/11, University Archives, University of Illinois.
Sessler, Andrew and Keith R. Symon. (1997) "Donald William Kerst". Biographical Memiors, v. 72. The National Academies Press: Washington D.C.
Sprott, J.C. (1993). "Eulogy to Donald W. Kerst.". Retrieved from http://sprott.physics.wisc.edu/eulogy.htm on September 3rd, 2013.
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