ILLIAC

One of the most successful of the early electronic computers built after World War II, ILLIAC (Illinois Automatic Computer) was born in the old Electrical Engineering Research Laboratory at Illinois through the collaboration of faculty in the Electrical Engineering, Physics, and Mathematics departments. ILLIAC progressed through five generations, securing Illinois’s reputation as the leader in the field of large scale, high-performance computing. Each new ILLIAC incorporated innovations in architecture, memory, logic, and software that spread throughout the computer world. Today the ILLIAC tradition continues at Illinois with Trusted ILLIAC, a 500-processor cluster combining high performance, transpar- ency, and security.



ILLIAC I (Source: Centennial History of the Department of ECE)

ILLIAC TIMELINE

ILLIAC's History and Influences: An interactive Mind Map

THE ILLIACS

ORDVAC and ILLIAC I
ILLIAC II
ILLIAC III
ILLIAC IV
CEDAR

Related Pages
Multiple versions of the ILLIAC line were used in pioneering the field of computer music.  The ILLIAC I was used by Lejaren Hiller to compose The ILLIAC Suite.  Hiller would go on to use the ILLIAC II as well.  Later, parts from ILLIAC II were used by Salvatore Martirano to create the Sal-Mar Construction; the first musical instrument to generate dynamic impovisatory electronic music.





 

Jakob Kunz

Jakob Kunz was born in Brittnau, Switzerland, on November 3rd, 1874. He was educated in the public schools there until he attended Zurich Polytechnikum, where he gained both his B.S. and Ph.D.

Department portrait of Jakob Kunz, signed by him, University of Illinois,  date unknown.

After serving in various universities and laboratories abroad, Kunz came to United States in 1908. He worked at the University of Michigan for one year before being offered the role of assistant professor of mathematical physics at the University of Illinois, where he remained for the rest of his life, working up through associate professor to professor.

For years Kunz was practically solely responsible for the whole of graduate courses in mathematical physics. However, he never taught undergraduate courses, with friends noting that he probably did not like the “immature and almost passive attitude” of American undergraduate students.

Kunz was renown for his clear and thorough lectures on classical theoretical physics, but he never reconciled to more “modern” notions as could be found in relativity and quantum mechanics. Indeed, a colleague noted “as he was himself thoroughly familiar with the mathematical structure of these theories, his objections and criticisms were occasionally very penetrating; and indeed troublesome to any who had a tendency to accept them on faith or authority”.
However, Kunz is most famous for his work with photoelectric cells. Photoelectric cells are devices whose electrical characteristics (voltage, etc) vary when subjected to light. Being among the first to work with them in the country, he developed a specially sensitized alkali photoelectric cell. This cell, free from dark current, was far superior for certain astronomical purposes than anything else available at the time. An example of such astronomical purposes was studying the intensity of the sun’s corona during an eclipse.
Kunz was enthusiastic about many subjects, and often attended seminars conducted in the fields of chemistry, mathematics, and engineering. Though often in poor health during the last part of his life, he maintained an active presence in both teaching and research up until a few weeks before his death on July 18th, 1938.
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Works Cited:

Loomis, F.W. (1938). “Jakob Kunz”. Obituary Draft. Found in University Archives Series No. 11/10/ 25, Box 2.

“Portrait of Jakob Kunz” (Unknown). Found in University Archives Series No. 11/10/ 25, Box 2.

Arthur Newell Talbot

Arthur Newell Talbot was born October 21, 1857 in Cortland, IL. His early education took place in Cortland as well, in a town 55 miles West of Chicago, IL. His great mathematical aptitude was first recognized by his grandfather, who encouraged him by giving him difficult problems each day, such as calculating the time the sun would rise. Talbot came to the University of Illinois in 1877, then known as the Illinois Industrial University, a mere ten years after its establishment.

Arthur Newell Talbot, working on a railroad, 1941

While studying civil engineering at the University of Illinois, Talbot was both an outstanding student-his scholastic average was to be the record for years to come-and very involved in extracurricular activities, including serving as secretary, vice president, and president for the Philmatheon Literary Society.

After graduating in 1881, Talbot followed a boyhood interest in railroads to Colorado, where he worked on them for four years before returning to the University of Illinois in 1885 as an assistant professor in engineering and mathematics.

While in the position Talbot taught a wide variety of subjects, ranging from surveying to railroad engineering. He always considered teaching to be a very important part of his life, and his students expressed their gratitude (or perhaps their frustration) in many different ways. One of those ways can be seen in a handmade songbook called “Hymns of Stress and Strain”:

"Hymns of Stress and Strain", a songbook composed by one of Talbot's student, University of Illinois, 1923

Selection No. 7 from “Hymns of Stress and Strain”, to the tune of “Working on the Railroad”

Talbot would continue to help mold and shape young minds for more than forty years. During this time, he also made advancements in several areas of engineering, including formulas for areas of waterways for bridges and culverts and calculating the maximum amount of rainfall, as well as groundbreaking work with sewage systems by way of septic tanks and a thorough investigation of reinforced concrete.

However, Talbot is better known for his innovations in railway engineering. The most famous of his developments is the Railway Transition Spiral. The method is for laying out easement curves at the ends of circular curves. The method has gone through many editions and been used in the making of many railroads.

Starting in 1914, Talbot also began a thorough investigation of railroad track. Aptly called “Stresses in Railroad Track”, the investigation was conducted with a goal of discovering the properties, mode of action, and resistances developed in various track structures under the application of locomotives and cars moving at various speeds.

After retiring from teaching, Talbot was still very involved with the University of Illinois, serving on committees, project boards, and consulting on various projects. One of the projects he consulted on was the Bay Bridge connecting San Francisco to Oakland.

These accomplishments are only part of the story: while completing his pioneering work at the University of Illinois, Talbot also married Virginia Mann Hammat in 1886. She was a classmate and active in many student affairs that Talbot, too, was in involved in. They raised four children together: Kenneth Hammet Talbot, Mildred Virginia, Rachel Harriet, and Dorothy Newell.

Arthur Newell Talbot passed away on April 3rd, 1942, after almost sixty years of teaching, innovating, and mentoring in the fields of mathematics and engineering.
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Works Cited:

“Arthur Newell Talbot”. Found in University Archives Series No. 11/5/21, Box 5.

“Arthur Newell Talbot”. Found in University Archives Series No. 11/5/21, Box 10.

Phillips, James W.(Ed). (1994). “Biography of Arthur Newell Talbot”. A Tribute to Arthur Newell Talbot.